Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2016 - zeszyt 2

RVC - reticulated vitreous carbon. Structure, precursor polymer materials, process of manufacturing and applications

10.15199/28.2016.2.6

nr katalogowy: 97973
10.15199/28.2016.2.6

In this paper the review of literature data concerning preparation, properties and applications of Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) is presented. Vitreous carbon is a kind of carbon material with specific structure which deviates from crystalline structure of graphite as it has various defects of graphene layers (gaps, five-part rings, interstitial atoms or hetero-atoms substituted instead of carbon atoms) without mutual orientation and fixed distance between layers. Such structure is called “turbostratic" and it is characteristic for materials obtained through carbonization (pyrolysis) of organic substances, usually organic polymers. Because of the orientation level of the packages of graphene layers, vitreous carbon, including RVC, belongs to the group of materials which do not graphitize at high temperature. Type of defects in vitreous carbon structure depends mostly on the choice of precursor material, its preparation and type and method of its processing. In this paper some examples of the most frequently used RVC precursors (e.g. furfuryl resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin) and the methods of RVC preparation starting from the basic framework that is the 100% open-cell polyurethane foam (so called “reticulated foam"). Methods of restructuring the standard commercial polyurethane foam to get the reticulated foam suitable for RVC preparation (i.e. reticulation" methods) are described. The process of impregnation of reticulated foam thus obtained with resins and curing the resulting composite as well as stages of thermal processing leading to carbonization are also discussed. Due to specific properties (high specific surface, thermal and electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength) RVC is presently applied in electrochemistry, medicine or metallurgy. Other forms of vitreous carbons comprise Monolithic Vitreous Carbon (MVC) and Cellular Vitreous Carbon (CVC) — the latter can be applied as sound-absorbing material. Ke[...]

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[4÷8, 11, 52] Up to 97÷98%
[8, 12, 101] 10÷100 ppi
[11, 101] Open macropores
[24÷26, 104] Up to 97%
[26, 104, 106] 40÷150 ppi
[26, 106] Solid structure
[15÷19, 22, 52] Micro-, mesopores
[15÷19, 22] Precursor material Phenol-formaldehyde
[9, 42, 53, 54], furfuryl alcohol
[4, 8, 15] or polyimide resins
[55÷59] Tannin-based resin modified by isocyanates
[26, 106, 107] Petroleum, coal tar, synthetic pitches
[107] Furfuryl alcohol resin
[15, 19], polyarylacetylene (PAA)
[22] Compressive strength 0.27÷0.48 MPa
[12] 0.23÷8.4 MPa
[26] 580 MPa
[52] Application Electrodes
[11, 12, 52], energy storage
[52, 84÷92], scaffolds for biological growth
[78÷83], acoustic absorption
[11, 103], gas filtration
[52, 102], high temperature thermal insulation
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[93÷100], semiconductors production
[11] Electrochemical energy storage
[106], catalytic support
[52], filtration of molten metals
[52], acoustic absorption
[104] Electrodes
[15, 52], chemical vessels — crucibles, beakers, reaction tubes
[52], electronics, aerospace and biomedical engineering
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