Czasopismo | ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA | Rocznik 2013 - zeszyt 12

Methodology of Simulative RF parameters evaluation on ISM RKE System Example

nr katalogowy: 81421

In a Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) system a car is unlocked from a distance by a radio code sent from a key fob to a receiver inside the car [1]. To increase the security of the system or send some specific data from car to the fob two-way systems are used. RKE systems usually operate at Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band frequencies that include: 315 MHz, 433.92 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz [1, 2]. The main parameters that characterize this kind of systems are the range, operating frequency and low power consumption (battery supplied key fob). Because this paper describes the receiver circuit mounted inside a car, thus the communication range and range-related parameters are deeply investigated. Well known Friis Transmission Formula (1) shows the simplified free space path loss relation for transmission distance related to RF parameters characterizing receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) systems [2-4]. This equation reflects the real link range under restricted conditions and is a very optimistic one. The reason of presenting this relation is to underline the dependencies between main RKE system radio transmission parameters and the radio communication distance. (1) where: PR, PT are in order RX and TX power; GR, GT are the RX antenna and TX antenna gain; λ is a wavelength; d is the link range; n value is connected with environmental conditions. In this paper only the RX system is considered. As it was stated (1) receiver is described by two independent parameters - received power (PR) and RX antenna gain (GR). GR parameter reflects the antenna radiation characteristics, while PR can be considered as the weakest signal power level that can be received by the system [3]. On the other hand the weakest received signal power is limited by RX noise level. Receiver Sensitivity binds these two factors together. It is a numerical representation of the weakest signal that can be detected by receiver including the noise phenomena[...]

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