Czasopismo | ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA | Rocznik 2013 - zeszyt 10

Active linearization and stabilization of the power tubes in Audio Power Amplifier

Adam Kristof

nr katalogowy: 79989

Vacuum tube Audio Power Amplifiers have their interesting and long, over hundred years lasting history. When in seventieseighties of XIX century the thermionic emission [1] had been discovered, this phenomenon was being seen as interesting but hardly usable in practice. Some twenty years later, however, the thermionic emission appeared to be both important and needed. At that time, Sir John Ambrose Fleming managed to construct and patent his famous valve, in which this amazing phenomenon had been utilized. The Fleming valve, which is thought to be the first commercially available vacuum tube in the world, acted as a diode and it was being used mainly as a dependable radio transmission detector. It was the true milestone in electrical engineering, although not an amplifying device yet. A couple of years later, three-terminal thermionic valves had been introduced and patented by Lee De Forest. The inventor called them Audions. Looking into USPTO (the United States Patent and Trademark Office) archives [2], one can find a few quite different kinds of Audion, and also this particular one among them, which is known as a triode nowadays. According to some historical reports [3, 4], those three-terminal thermionic devices were not immediately recognized as amplifying ones. At the beginning, they were still being used as just other, maybe slightly better radio transmission detectors. Nevertheless, the signal regeneration property, (the signal amplification), was noticed soon. Then electrical engineering begun in earnest, with the participation of many enthusiasts and researchers. And then the competition in achievement of the possibly best sensitivity started, where “all means" were allowed, including positive feedback loops. It was until early thirties of XX century, when really much have changed. Harold Stephen Black demonstrated his amplifier with negative feedback loop and published his theory of feedback stabilized a[...]

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