Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2012 - zeszyt 5

Physical and chemical properties of Mg-based nanomaterials

nr katalogowy: 71592

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys have been considered to be possible candidates for hydrogen storage as well as for electrodes in Ni-MHx batteries [1÷3]. The chemical composition and microstructure of the metal alloys are one of the most important factors in the metal-hydrogen system. Substantial improvements in the hydriding-dehydriding properties of Mg-based hydrides could be possibly achieved by the formation of nanocrystalline structures by nonequilibrium processing technique such as mechanical alloying (MA) [4, 5]. As nonequilibrium processing method MA can be utilised to produce large quantities of materials at relatively low cost. Introducing metastable phases may result in totally different behaviour of the alloy. With current storage metallic materials it is not possible to exceed a capacity of 2 wt % H2. Nevertheless for instance, magnesium can store 7 wt % H2. Unfortunately MgH2 is too stable and too much energy has to be expended in releasing the hydrogen. Alloying magnesium with other elements could lower the stability of the hydride without reducing the capacity to an unacceptable value. Mg2Ni, one of the typical magnesium alloys, has great potential as a light hydrogen-storage alloy with high energy and is superior to the rare alloy of LaNi5-type and to the alloy of ZrV2-type with Laves phase in term of materials costs and the theoretical capacities. The theoretical capacity of the Mg2Ni alloy is about three times capacity of LaNi5 alloy. Mg2Ni alloy, however, can absorb and discharge hydrogen only at 200÷300°C and the speed of absorption and discharge is very slow. The electrochemical capacity of the microcrystalline Mg2Ni alloy is too low to be a hydrogen-storage alloy. On the other hand, Mg and Fe do not form an intermetallic compound; this results in difficulties in the preparation of its hydride phase. Recently, the direct synthesis of Mg2FeH6 by mechanical alloying in hydrogen atmosphere has been in[...]

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