Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2012 - zeszyt 5

Nanocrystallinie TiNi, Ti2Ni alloys for hydrogen storage

nr katalogowy: 71591

In the last decade a great interest has been observed in the field of nanoscale materials. Mechanical alloying (MA) has been proved to be a novel and promising method for alloy formation, especially in the preparation of non-equilibrium materials of various systems [1÷7]. This technique has already succeeded in obtaining a wide range of alloy hydrides for energy storage or other energy related applications [2, 4÷11]. The advanced nanocrystalline intermetallics are representing a new generation of metal hydride materials with the following characteristics: high storage capacity, stable temperature- pressure cycling capacity during the life-time of the system, good corrosion stability and low costs. These materials exhibit quite different properties from both crystalline and amorphous materials, due to structure in which extremely fine grains are separated by what some investigators have characterized as "glass-like" disordered grain boundaries [3, 4]. Therefore, the hydrogenation behaviour of the amorphous structure is different than that of the crystalline material. Mechanical alloying has recently been used to make an amorphous and nanocrystalline TiFe, ZrV2-, LaNi5- and Mg2A-type alloys (A = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) [6÷11]. These materials show substantially enhanced absorption and desorption kinetics, even at relatively low temperature [9, 10]. Among the different types of hydrogen forming compounds, Ti-based alloys are among the promising materials for hydrogen energy applications [6, 7, 12, 13]. For example, the TiNi alloy, which crystallizes in the cubic CsCl-type structure is lighter and cheaper than the LaNi5-type alloy. Nevertheless, the application of TiNi material in batteries has been limited due to poor absorption/ desorption kinetics in addition to a complicated activation procedure. To improve the activation of this alloy several approaches have been adopted. For example, ball milling of TiNi is effective for the improve[...]

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