Czasopismo | CIEPŁOWNICTWO, OGRZEWNICTWO, WENTYLACJA | Rocznik 2023 - zeszyt 12

Przegląd zastosowania nanopłynów oraz materiałów porowatych w pośrednim chłodzeniu wyparnym

A Review of Nanofluids and Porous Materials Application for Indirect Evaporative Cooling

10.15199/9.2023.12.5

nr katalogowy: 146411
10.15199/9.2023.12.5

Streszczenie

Pośrednie chłodzenie wyparne staje się coraz bardziej popularne ze względu na wykorzystanie przyjaznych dla środowiska czynników chłodniczych: powietrza (R-729) i wody (R-718). Istotą procesu jest wymiana ciepła i masy, która zachodzi w wymienniku. Opracowania zagraniczne szeroko opisują nowoczesne technologie wspomagające ten proces, podczas gdy polskojęzyczna literatura nie porusza zagadnienia niemalże w ogóle. W artykule skupiono się na dwóch głównych innowacjach wynikających z przeglądu literatury (od 2010 roku): wprowadzeniu nanopłynów opartych na wodzie oraz zastosowaniu materiałów porowatych na powierzchni kanału mokrego. Przeanalizowano kluczowe parametry stosowane do opisu urządzeń do chłodzenia wyparnego takie jak sprawności: termometru mokrego, punktu rosy oraz egzergetyczną, wydajność chłodniczą, EER oraz COP. Przedstawiono wyniki badań nanopłynów jedno-, dwu- i trzyskładnikowych. Analiza wykazała poprawę parametrów charakteryzujących pośrednie urządzenia wyparne wynoszące od kilku do kilkudziesięciu procent przy zastosowaniu nanopłynów w zależności od temperatury powietrza na wlocie. Dokonano przeglądu stosowanych materiałów porowatych stanowiących powierzchnie kanału mokrego. Wydzielono cztery główne typy stosowanych materiałów: porowate ceramiczne oraz włókna naturalne, polimerowe i tekstylne. Zestawiono wady oraz zalety stosowania tych materiałów w wymiennikach pośrednich w celu ułatwienia wyboru rodzaju materiału. Określono, że spośród dwóch omawianych modyfikacji w pierwszej kolejności należy skupić się na aplikacji materiałów porowatych, jako że są one związane bezpośrednio z konstrukcją wymiennika. Natomiast nanopłyny można zastosować w urządzeniach istniejących. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że rozwój technologii pośredniego chłodzenia wyparnego może stanowić istotne oraz ekologiczne uzupełnienie obecnie stosowanych sprężarkowych systemów chłodzenia.

Abstract

Indirect evaporative cooling is becoming increasingly popular due to the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants: air (R-729) and water (R-718). The main idea of the process is the heat and mass transfer that takes place in the exchanger. Foreign studies extensively describe modern technologies supporting this process, while the Polish-language literature does not cover the issue almost at all. The article focuses on two main innovations resulting from the literature review (as of 2010): the introduction of water-based nanofluids and the use of porous materials on the surface of the wet channel. Main parameters used to describe evaporative cooling devices include wet thermometer, dew point, and exergetic efficiencies, cooling capacity, EER, and COP. Results for single-, two-, and three-component nanofluids are presented. The analysis showed performance improvements for indirect evaporative units of several to tens of percent with nanofluids, depending on the inlet air temperature. The applied porous materials used on the surface of the wet channel were reviewed. Four main types of materials used have been distinguished: porous ceramic and natural fibers, polymer fibers, and fabric fibers. The advantages and disadvantages of using these materials in indirect heat exchangers were summarized to facilitate the choice of material type. It was determined that of the two modifications discussed, the application of porous materials should be focused on first, since they are directly related to the construction of the heat exchanger. In contrast, nanofluids can be applied to existing devices. Eventually, it was pointed out that the development of indirect evaporative cooling technology can be an important and ecological complement to the currently used compressor systems.

Słowa kluczowe

Keywords

Bibliografia

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