Czasopismo | ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA | Rocznik 2010 - zeszyt 8

Small capacitance measurements

nr katalogowy: 53904

Frequently, capacitive sensors make use of small variations of the capacitance induced by the physical quantity to be measured. They are important parts in many modern electronic devices because of their basic principles: non-contact measurement without moving parts. Thus, intrinsic stable measurements are guaranteed with a minimum of wear. On the other hand, capacitive coupling can be one of the major impacts on electronic circuits or electronic devices. These two examples show that the field of capacitive measurements is suited very well for diploma theses in higher electrical education, which concentrates on practical orientation. Consequently, several exchange students from the Technical University Rzeszow executed their diploma theses dealing with at least some aspects of measuring small capacitances. These diploma theses were carried between 1995 and 2000 out at the Electrical Engineering Faculty of the former UNI-GH Paderborn, Soest Division, within the scope of the cooperation of the two universities. Some results of this co-operative work will be reported in this paper. Small capacitances What are small capacitances? Normally, ceramic capacitors are called small; their capacitance values are smaller than 100 nF, regularly. Metal foil capacitors are available in the range of several pF up to a few μF. Stray capacitances in the measuring input of an (analogue) oscilloscope - which should be as small as possible - are in the range of 10…40 pF. In consequence, this paper deals with capacitors with an upper capacitance limit of 10 pF. Concerning the measuring of such a capacitance, it is not sufficient to be able to detect capacitances in the pF-range. For precise measuring results, it is necessary to be able to detect capacitance variations in the fF-range (10-15F). This means, that the accuracy of the measuring device must be better than 10 fF or even better than 1 fF. Of course, resolution, stability, and[...]

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2010-8

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