Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2010 - zeszyt 3

New tool materials based on Ni alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds

PIOTR BAŁA

nr katalogowy: 52757

Tool steels containing from 0.30% to 0.60% C, up to 5% Cr and Mo, W and V are universally applied as tool materials for operations in high temperature. Tools made of these steels obtain functional qualities by means of heat improvement, it is by combining quenching procedures with medium or high tempering. Tempering of tool steels is usually done in the temperature range: 550÷620°C. Strengthening is achieved by precipitating alloy carbides of MC and M2C (V, Mo and W) type [1÷4]. Several tools have to operate at temperatures above 600°C, sometimes even at 1000°C, at which quenched and tempered steels soften and the lifespan of tools rapidly decreases. The chemical composition of tool steels was, for many years, modified to improve their hot-working properties. The combined alloys Cr-Ni-Co-Fe with additions of W, Mo, Nb, in which a significant part of iron was substituted by Co were developed [5]. A group of alloys based on the Co matrix (Stellite) of good tribological properties intended for cutting tools was obtained. Those alloys can be divided into certain main groups: Co-Cr-W-C and Co-Cr- W/W-Ni/Fe-C with modifications Si + B [6, 7]. Unfortunately, the maximum temperature range in which those alloys can operate is only 600÷750°C. A development of high temperature creep-resisting nickel-base alloys was mainly the modification of 80% Ni and 20% Cr alloy known for its good creepresistance. On account of ineffectiveness of strengthening by carbides in high temperatures a hardening of Ni-base alloys was obtained by intermetallic compound Ni3(Ti, Al) marked as γ´ [8, 9]. Several alloys were developed based on the concept of Ni matrix strengthened by the γ´ phase, among others alloys of an increased carbon content and a complex chemical composition [10÷12]. There are alloys of Ni matrix - intended for tools operating at temperatures above 600°C - containing from 0.10% to 0.25% C, from 8 to 25% Cr, up to 25% Co, up to 4[...]

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