Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2010 - zeszyt 3

Transport properties of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline Gd-doped ceria

nr katalogowy: 52717

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are regarded to be amongst the cleanest and most efficient technologies for chemical-to-electrical energy conversion. However, to be economically competitive it is necessary to lower their operation temperature in the range 500÷600°C. This provides several advantages, including lower degradation rate of both components and cell performances and lower fabrication cost through the use of less expensive materials for interconnections, heat exchangers and structural components. To realize the lowering of the operation temperature, there are different options, the use of thin-film electrolytes or new solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, for instance, because this component is the main material of SOFC, whose structure and properties affect directly the fuel cell efficiency. Ceria based oxides have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative [1÷3] to yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the solid electrolyte utilized up to the present time in conventional SOFC, operating at around 1000°C. This is due to their higher oxygen-ion conductivity (0.025 Ω-1cm-1 at 600°C) compared with ZrO2-based materials (<0.005 Ω-1cm-1). Furthermore, these oxides enhanced electrode reactions due to an electrocatalytic effect via the Ce+3/Ce+4 couple, resulting in a mixed conductivity zone at the electrode level (solid electrolyte/electrode material interface) which leads to a decrease of the electrode resistance. Recently, the use of nanocrystalline polycrystals was considered as a promising approach to improve even more fuel cell performances. Indeed, given the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoceramics, these materials possess a wide range of original properties [2÷6] due to the high grain boundary density and interfacial surface, such as enhanced mechanical properties and chemical reactivity. To date, the impact of the reduction of grain size from the microcrystalline range into the nanocr[...]

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