Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2010 - zeszyt 3

Optimization of galvanic bath and operating parameters for amorphous Ni-W electrodeposition

nr katalogowy: 52690

Functional coatings obtained by electrodeposition are widely applied commercially to provide enhanced surface performance for engineering applications [1]. In recent years much effort has been put into searching for alternatives to electroplated hard chromium, the properties of which are often used as a standard for other functional coatings [2]. Usually, high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance are the critical properties. Despite the excellent properties of the hard chromium coatings, used in automotive and aviation industries, they should be eliminated from the manufacturing process (according to the EU directives), due to high toxicity and carcinogenity of hexavalent chromium. Up to now, only electroless hard Ni and Ni-P coatings have found use in selected applications [3]. Electrodeposited Ni-based alloys containing refractory metal (molybdenum or tungsten) could be an important alternative to hard chromium. Ni-W alloys are known for their excellent mechanical and tribological characteristics, but they are very difficult to obtain by conventional metallothermic methods, due to the large differences in melting points (Ni - 1455°C, W - 3410°C) as well as limited mutual solubility of both metals [4]. Hence, electrochemical deposition can be proposed as an alternative technique. Electrodeposition, as a cheap, low temperature and simple method, is a superior technique for manufacture of Ni-W coatings. However, compact and well adherent to the substrate Ni-W coatings are still electrodeposited with technical difficulties. Although tungsten cannot be separately electrodeposited from aqueous electrolytes, it can be easy co-deposited with iron-group metals such as nickel to form an alloy [5]. However, the presence of appropriate complexing agents is necessary. This phenomena is classified by Brenner as induced co-deposition [6]. Among many galvanic baths proposed for the Ni-W alloys electroplating (such as sulfamate, pyrophos[...]

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