Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2010 - zeszyt 2

Nanoscale Ti-based hydrogen storage materials

Marek Nowak

nr katalogowy: 51429

The major problem in a future world with renewable energies and less environmental pollution is energy storage. Novel nanostructured materials may successfully solve this problem [1÷6]. Term nanostructured is being used to denote different materials prepared by two different processes: i) by mechanical alloying (MA) or a high energy ball milling (HEBM) and ii) by the gas condensation of vapour in a partial vacuum. Among the different types of hydrogen forming compounds, Ti-based alloys are among the most promising materials for the electrode materials in nickel-metal hydride batteries [2]. Titanium and iron form two stable intermetallic compounds, TiFe and TiFe2. TiFe2 does not absorb hydrogen. The TiFe alloy, which crystallizes in the cubic CsCl-type structure, is cheaper and lighter than the LaNi5-type alloys and can absorb up to 2 H/f.u. at room temperature. To improve the activation of this microcrystalline alloy several approaches have been adopted. Recently, we have shown that the discharge capacity of TiFe increased from 0 to 64 mA·h·g-1 after high-energy ball-milling [2]. A fine nanostructure is known to improve greatly the kinetics and activation of hydrogen storage alloys, when compared with their conventional microcrystalline counterparts. On the other hand, the substitution of Fe by some amount of transition metals may improve the activation property of TiFe [6, 7]. As the continuation of our studies, in this paper the structural, electronic and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline TiFe-based alloys were investigated, where the alloying elements of 3d transition metals, Ni, Mo, Cr and Co, are substituted for Fe atoms. The materials produced by MA and subsequent annealing with 10 wt. % addition of Ni powder, were subjected to electrochemical measurements as working electrodes. Additionally, the cyclic behavior of the some nanostructured Ti-based alloy anodes was examined in a sealed HB 116/054 ce[...]

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