Czasopismo | ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA | Rocznik 2017 - zeszyt 4

Modified dynamic time warping method applied to handwritten signature authenticity verification

10.15199/13.2017.4.4

nr katalogowy: 105320
10.15199/13.2017.4.4

A signature verification system based on static features and time -domain functions of signals obtained using a tablet has been presented in the paper. The signature verification method, based mainly on dynamic time warping coupled with some signature image features, has been described. The FRR measures reflecting the method’s efficiency have been evaluated for verification attempts performed directly after obtaining model signatures and for delayed attempts made after two days. The FAR measures have been assessed both: for simple and for skilled forgeries. The dynamic time warping-based verification has been also examined after applying it to the signals obtained using the developed biometric pen. Obtained results are presented and discussed in the paper. Keywords: handwritten signature verification; dynamic time warping; optimal path tracing; biometric pen.I. Introduction There can be distinguished two main approaches to the verification of signature authenticity, namely static (also called off-line or feature-based) and dynamic (also called on-line or function-based) analysis. In the first approach only the signature image or the signature trajectory formed on the basis of samples taken at particular time moments is analyzed considering such features as number of crossings, pixel density or gravity center distance [1]. In the second approach, time-domain functions describing parameters such as velocity, acceleration, pressure or pen inclination are analyzed. The common methods used in this approach are dynamic time warping [2, 3] and Hidden Markov Models [4, 5] with the first one generally outperforming the latter one, although when enough model signatures are available the contrary can be claimed [6]. In some approaches the methods typically associated with on-line verification, such as dynamic time warping, are used in the off-line analysis based on template matching [7]. In the paper, a method based on both static[...]

Bibliografia

[1] E.J.R. Justino, F. Bortolozzi, R. Sabourin, “A comparison of SVM and HMM classifiers in the off-line signature verification," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 26, pp. 1377-1385, December 2004.
[2] Vit Niennattrakul, Pongsakorn Ruengronghirunya, Chotirat Ann Ratanamahatana, “Exact indexing for massive time series databases under time warping distance," Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 509-541,November 2010.
[3] A. Nautsch, C. Rathgeb, C. Busch, "Bridging Gaps: An application of feature warping to online signature verification,“ International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), Rome, pp. 1-6, October 2014.
[4] J. Fierrez, J. Ortega-Garcia, D. Ramos, J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, “HMM-based on-line signature verification: Feature extraction and signature modeling," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 28, pp. 2325-2334, August 2007.
[5] L. Yang, B.K. Widjaja, R. Prasad, “Application of Hidden Markov Models for signature verification," Pattern Recognition, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 161-170, 1995.
[6] J. Fierrez-Aguilar, J. Krawczyk, J. Ortega-Garcia, A.K. Jain, “Fusion of local and regional approaches for on-line signature verification," Proc. Internat. Workshop on Biometric Recognition Systems, IWBRS, in LCNS, vol. 3781, Springer, pp. 188-196, 2005.
[7] A. Shanker Piyush, A.N. Rajagopalan, “Off-line signature verification using DTW," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 28, pp. 1407-1414, March 2007.
[8] M. Lech, A. Czyżewski, (2016) “A handwritten signature verification method employing a tablet," Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA), pp. 45-50, Poznań, Polska, 21.9.2016 - 23.9.2016.

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