Czasopismo | INŻYNIERIA MATERIAŁOWA | Rocznik 2016 - zeszyt 6

Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics - promising candidate for fiber lasers and optical amplifiers at 1550 nm

10.15199/28.2016.6.11

nr katalogowy: 103161
10.15199/28.2016.6.11

The manufacturing of the erbium/ytterbium co-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics optical fiber was discussed on the background of literature review and own achievements. The role of erbium ions as NIR emitters as well as ytterbium ions in the process of stimulated emission has been explained and illustrated by several figures both from the literature and the author’s results. Glass-ceramics material advantage over glassy fibers was also considered and proved by several plots and images. The relations between the g-c materials and their optical features have been illustrated by results of SEM/TEM imaging, X-ray spectra, XRD and SAED patterns, thermal analysis (DTA/DSC) and a corresponding absorption/emission NIR spectra. Key words: fiber laser, rare earth ions, glass-ceramics, edfa, nanocrystals.1. INTRODUCTION A chance to establish the long distance waveguide communications appeared in early seventies due to super pure low-loss fused silica glass optical fibers (about 90% of SiO2) fabrication. Since silica fiber attenuation is wavelength dependent (Fig. 1), the term “optical fiber communication window" has been introduced and currently the third window (1550 nm) is utilized for long distance cables with attenuation better than 0.3 dB/km. In traditional optical communication systems a signal regeneration was achieved in the form of optoelectronic repeaters located every 20÷50 km of the fiber cable (Fig. 2). They used three steps of signal regeneration: optical-to-electric conversion, amplification, and shaping and finally electric-to-optical conversion. Currently, several more sophisticated solutions (optical amplifiers without signal conversion) have been invented (EDFA - Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, SOA - Semiconductor Optical Amplifier, RFA - Raman Fiber Amplifier) and of them the EDFA amplifiers seem to be most common. Their heart is silica (plus GeO2) glass erbium doped optical fiber (Fig. 3). Actually, the EDFA amplif[...]

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